Known as the father of modern managed care, Ellwood coined the term HMO more than 40 years ago and was key in promoting “managed competition” as a way to increase quality at lower costs. The physician founded the Jackson Hole Group in the early '70s, a think tank that came up with the idea of managed competition and also led to the passage of the HMO Act of 1973. Jackson Hole was again called into action during the Clinton administration in the early 1990s to work on healthcare reform, but the Clinton plan's emphasis on government regulation contrasted with their vision of free-market forces, which led to their opposition.
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